Research supporting my clinical approach:

Developmental Language Delay (DLD) & Dyslexia frequently co-occur and are both treated by a Speech-Language Pathologist.

  1. Chalikia et al., (2025). Developmental Language Disorder and Risk of Dyslexia- Can they be told apart? Behavioral Sciences, 15(9). [link]

  2. Spencer & Peterson (2018). Bridging Oral and Written Language: An oral narrative language intervention study with writing outcomes. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 49, 565-581 [link]

  3. Snowling et al. (2019). Dyslexia and Developmental Language Disorder: Comorbid disorders with distinct effects on reading comprehension. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61(6), 672-680 [link]

  4. Erisman & Blom (2020). Reading outcomes in children with developmental language disorder: A person-centered approach. Research in developmental disabilities, 5, 1-18 [link]

  5. Tambyraja et al. (2014). Integration of literacy into speech-language therapy: A descriptive analysis of treatment practices. Journal of Communication Disorders. [link]

Deficits in learning to read are predominantly caused by deficits in oral language skills. Treatment is often most effective when both written and oral language are addressed.

  1. Lam et al. (2024). A systematic review of factors that impact reading comprehension in children with developmental language disorders. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 149. [link]

  2. Scarborough, H. S. (2001). Connecting early language and literacy to later reading (dis)abilities: Evidence, theory, and practice. Handbook for research in early literacy, 97-11. [link]

  3. Adlof, S. M. (2020). Promoting Reading Achievement in Children With Developmental Language Disorders: What Can We Learn From Research on Specific Language Impairment and Dyslexia? Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 63, 3277-3292. [link]

  4. Hulme & Snowling (2014). The interface between spoken and written language: developmental disorders. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 349. [link]

  5. McNeill et al. (2024). Trajectories of language development, cognitive flexibility and phoneme awareness knowledge in early childhood. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 60. [link]

Children with DLD and/or Dyslexia are at risk in social, emotional, occupational, and economic domains- not just academics.

  1. Kirby & Gibbon (2018). Dyslexia and Employment. Perspectives on Language and Literacy, Winter 2018. [link]

  2. Livingston et al. (2018). Developmental Dyslexia: emotional impact and consequences. Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties. [link]

  3. Conti-Ramsden et al. (Ongoing). The Manchester Language Study. [link]

  4. Dubois et al. (2020). Young Adults with Developmental Language Disorder: A Systematic Review of Education, Employment, and Independent Living Outcomes. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 63, 3786-2800. [link]

  5. Wilmot et al. (2024). Impact of developmental language disorders on mental health and wellbeing across the lifespan. BMJ Open, 14. [link]

Timely diagnosis and intervention is often medically necessary in cases of neurological developmental conditions, including DLD and Dyslexia.

  1. Rinaldi et al. (2021). Efficacy of the treatment of Developmental Language Disorder: A Systematic Review. Brain Sciences, 11(3), 407. [link]

  2. Snowling & Hulme (2012). Interventions for children’s language and literacy difficulties. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 47(1), 27-34. [link]

  3. Giardino et al. (2022). Considerations in the Determination of Medical Necessity in Children. Pediatrics, 150(3). [link]

  4. Sanfilippo et al. (2020). Reintroducing Dyslexia: Early Identification and Implications for Pediatric Practice. Pediatrics, 146(1). [link]

  5. McGregor, K. K. (2020). How We Fail Children with Developmental Language Disorder. Language, Speech, & Hearing Sciences in Schools, 51, 981-992. [link]